Morfometría ósea e intestinal, colesterol sanguíneo y sus interrelaciones en Broilers alimentados con diferentes niveles de goma de Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa)

Abstract

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la suplementación de diferentes niveles de goma de tara sobre el comportamiento productivo, la mineralización ósea, la morfometría intestinal, niveles de glucosa y colesterol y establecer relaciones entre estas variables en pollos de 1 a 21 días de edad. Para tal efecto,se emplearon 200 pollos BB machos de la Línea Cobb500, distribuidos en cinco tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones y 10 animales por repetición. Cada grupo recibió uno de los siguientes tratamientos: T1, dieta control (sin goma de tara); T2, dieta con 0.05%; T3, dieta con 0.10%; T4, dieta con 0.15%; T5, dieta con 0.20%. Todas las dietas fueron formuladas de acuerdo a las recomendaciones de la línea Cobb500. El alimento, en forma de harina y el agua fueron ofrecidos ad libitum. Semanalmente se registraron el peso vivo, la ganancia de peso diario, el consumo de alimento, la conversión alimenticia y la mortalidad. A los 21 días se sacrificaron 5 animales por unidad experimental para recolectar muestras histológicas de yeyuno, el hueso de la tibia y el peso de los órganos del sistema digestivo. Los datos fueron analizados bajo el Diseño Completamente Aleatoatorizado usando el procedimiento ANOVA y la prueba de Duncan para comparación de medias, así como la Correlación de Pearson para establecer relaciones entre variables estudiadas. Los resultados mostraron que el peso vivo y la ganancia de peso fueron superiores (p0.05) en indicadores de mineralización ósea, niveles de colesterol y glucosa. En conclusión, la adición de 0.10 % de goma de tara resulta en una mayor respuesta productiva, mejor morfometría intestinal y correlaciones positivas, altas y regulares entre la morfometría intestinal, morfometría ósea y el peso del páncreas.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of tare gum on the productive behavior, bone mineralization, gut morphology and glucose and cholesterol levels and establish relationships between these variables in broilers from 1 to 21 days. For this purpose, two hundred one day-old Cobb 500 were distributed in five treatments with four repetitions and 10 animals per repetition. Each group received one of the following treatments: T1, control diet (without tara gum); T2, diet with 0.05%; T3, diet with 0.10%; T4, diet with 0.15%, T5, diet with 0.20%. All diets were formulated according Cobb500 line recommendations. Food, in the form of flour and water, was delivered ad libitum. Live weight, daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and mortality were recorded weekly. At 21 days, 5 animals were sacrificed per experimental unit to collect histological simples of the jejunum, tibia bone and the weight of the organs of the digestive system. Data were analyzed under the Completely Randomized Design using the ANOVA procedure and Duncan's test for comparison of means, as well as Pearson's Correlation to establish relationships between variables studied. The results showed that live weight and weight gain were higher (p <0.05) in birds that received T3 compared to those that received T4 and T5, being similar to the rest of the treatments. With regards to intestinal morphometry, birds that received T3 had a lower crypt depth (p <0.05) in relation to T1 and T2, being similar to T4 and T5. In the same way T3 had a higher ratio of villus height and crypt depth (p <0.05) compared to T1, being similar to the rest of the treatments. In regards of every relationship evaluated, the ones that showed highest association degree were live weight with bone weight, pancreas weight and crypt depth (0.65, 0.57, and 0.23, respectively); crypt depth with bone weight and bone length (0.40 and 0.36, respectively); and the pancreas weight with the bone weight, bone length and bone resistance to fracture (0.57, 0.46, 0.49; respectively). No statistical differences were found in indicators of bone mineralization, cholesterol and glucose. In conclusion, the addition of 0.10 % tara gum resulted in a higher productive response, better intestinal morphometry and positive, high and regular correlations between intestinal morphometry, bone morphometry and the pancreas weight.